The Parisian club has now won the prestigious cup on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger opened the net early on.
Yet, Marseille struck twice in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. Initially, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital leveler in the final seconds to force the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for PSG to complete a 4-1 shootout win.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last thirteen seasons.